Ruby is a popular and highly valued gemstone known for its vibrant color and various unique characteristics. Here are some notable features of ruby gemstones:

Color: Rubies are primarily known for their rich red hue, which can range from deep crimson to lighter pinkish shades. The color is due to the presence of chromium.

Hardness: Rubies are one of the hardest gemstones, rated 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. This makes them suitable for everyday wear in jewelry.

Clarity: While rubies can contain inclusions, high-quality rubies are prized for their clarity. The fewer the inclusions, the more valuable the gemstone.

Cut: Rubies can be cut into various shapes and styles, including round, oval, and cushion cuts. The quality of the cut affects the gemstone’s brilliance and overall appearance.

Origin: The most valuable rubies come from Myanmar (Burma), but they are also found in countries like Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. The origin can influence the stone's value.

Fluorescence: Many rubies exhibit fluorescence, which can enhance their color and make them appear even more vibrant under UV light.

Symbolism: Rubies are often associated with love, passion, and energy. They are also considered a symbol of power and protection.

Value: The value of a ruby is determined by its color, clarity, cut, and carat weight, with the best specimens fetching high prices in the market.

Treatments: Many rubies are treated to enhance their color and clarity. Common treatments include heating and fracture filling, which can affect their value.

Durability: Due to their hardness, rubies are quite durable, making them ideal for rings and other jewelry that experiences daily wear.